Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not reference a page number. Instead, you may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else. Older works like religious texts can also incorporate special location identifiers like verse numbers. In short: pick a substitute for page numbers that makes sense for your source. If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers.
APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when it will help the reader find the information in a longer work.
If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source: Permanence and Change.
When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word: Natural-Born Cyborgs. If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, use double quotation marks and title case capitalization even though the reference list uses sentence case : "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;" "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry. According to Jones , "students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" p. Jones found "students often had difficulty using APA style" p.
Formatting example for block quotations in APA 7 style. Jones found a variety of causes for student dissatisfaction with prevailing citation practices paras. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission.
Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. This resource, revised according to the 7 th edition APA Publication Manual, provides fundamental guidelines for constructing the reference pages of research papers. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , 7 th ed. This page gives basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper.
Most sources follow fairly straightforward rules. However, because sources obtained from academic journals carry special weight in research writing, these sources are subject to special rules. Thus, this page presents basic guidelines for citing academic journals separate from its "ordinary" basic guidelines. This distinction is made clear below. Note: Because the information on this page pertains to virtually all citations, we've highlighted one important difference between APA 6 and APA 7 with an underlined note written in red.
Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Your essay should be typed and double-spaced on standard-sized paper 8.
For a professional paper, this includes your paper title and the page number. For a student paper, this only includes the page number. The running head is a shortened version of your paper's title and cannot exceed 50 characters including spacing and punctuation. It acknowledges that many font choices are legitimate, and it advises writers to check with their publishers, instructors, or institutions for guidance in cases of uncertainty.
While the APA Manual does not specify a single font or set of fonts for professional writing, it does recommend a few fonts that are widely available. These include sans serif fonts such as point Calibri, point Arial, and point Lucida Sans Unicode as well as serif fonts such as point Times New Roman, point Georgia, point Computer Modern. Note: APA 7 provides slightly different directions for formatting the title pages of professional papers e.
The title page should contain the title of the paper, the author's name , and the institutional affiliation. A professional paper should also include the author note. A student paper should also include the course number and name , instructor name , and assignment due date.
Type your title in upper and lowercase letters centered in the upper half of the page.
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